Wastewater treatment in shopping malls involves the use of different processes to handle wastewater. These processes include the primary, secondary, and tertiary treatment processes. The sewage water from a shopping mall is fed into the public wastewater network. Depending on the type of wastewater produced, it may be treated by a number of different methods.
Primary Treatment
The wastewater produced by shopping malls contains a variety of solid wastes, making the primary treatment of this wastewater necessary. The wastewater is filtered through a rotary screen filter drum. After removing the solid wastes, the wastewater is collected and equalized in a balance tank. The wastewater then goes through a flocculation pipe to a dissolved air flotation plant, where the treated wastewater can be drained into the municipal sewer system.
The DM water treatment process uses deionisation to remove dissolved minerals from the water. The natural water contains a high level of dissolved salts, anions (sulphate), and cations (iron, calcium, sodium, copper, and bromide). These dissolved salts are detrimental to metal oxidation, scaling, and corrosion. DM plants are highly effective in removing these dissolved salts, leaving the water ultra-pure.
Primary treatment of wastewater produced in shopping malls is crucial for the sustainability of these facilities and their surrounding infrastructure. Although a shopping mall provides a convenient shopping experience, it also creates a high volume of wastewater. The resulting waste contains dissolved solids, suspended solids, and fats. Moreover, food waste from restaurants can generate around seven liters of wastewater per meal, influencing the pH level and containing proteins and salt.
The wastewater is then pre-chlorinated and aerated to reduce odors and bacteria. After the aeration, the wastewater enters a grit chamber to slow down the flow. After the grit chamber, the wastewater enters the primary treatment stage. In this stage, chemicals, flocculants, and coagulants are used to separate the solids. The wastewater flows slowly through the primary clarifier for two hours. During this time, the primary sludge settles to the bottom while the lighter particles float to the surface. Approximately 70 percent of suspended solids are removed during the primary treatment stage
Secondary Treatment
Secondary treatment of wastewater produced in shopping malls is a process that uses bacteria to break down organic pollutants. The wastewater is mixed with oxygen to help the bacteria digest the pollutants. This partially treated wastewater then goes to settling tanks, where the sludge settles at the bottom of the basin. During this process, up to 85 percent of the BOD, suspended solids, and coliform bacteria are removed.
Typically, wastewater produced in shopping centers contains large amounts of solid waste, making secondary treatment an essential step. Dedicated duct lines are installed downstream and drain water from cafeterias, coffee islands, and fast-food areas. These wastewaters are then redirected to public sewage networks or wastewater treatment facilities for further treatment..
Primary wastewater treatment involves using settling tanks and screens. These devices have large openings and can remove large pieces of debris and other pollutants from wastewater. The large particles are then removed and sent to a landfill.
Tertiary Treatment
The wastewater produced by shopping malls must be treated before it is discharged into the sewer system. This process removes pollutants and makes the water safe for discharge. In addition, this process makes it possible to reuse the treated water in washrooms and for irrigation in gardens.
The wastewater treatment system should reduce COD, BOD, and total dissolved solids. It should also remove specific pollutants such as phosphates and surfactants. Containerized wastewater plants offer an innovative way to treat wastewater produced by shopping centers. The system combines biological treatment with clarification processes.
This treatment process may include the use of mound systems. These mounds are elevated above the natural ground surface to provide suitable material for percolation. They also separate the drain field from the water table. The effluent from a septic tank is intermittently pumped from the chamber into a mound to be treated. Other methods include intermittent sand filters or small prefabricated aerobic treatment units. The effluent may then be discharged to a nearby stream or river.
Activated sludge
Activated sludge is characterized by the separation of biomass from water. The solids then return to the reactor. This process is suitable for reducing BOD levels, but it is expensive and not suitable for aquaculture.
Wastewater produced in shopping malls contains a variety of contaminants. Therefore, treating this water before it is discharged is necessary. This will reduce the number of bacteria and other organisms to safe discharge levels. It will also prevent any possible pollution of the receiving water.
Activated sludge is used to treat this wastewater. The process involves adding carbon to the wastewater. This carbon is a key component in the sewage treatment process. The carbon in wastewater is a source of energy and carbon. The process also uses natural biopolymers that are excreted by the bacteria. This biopolymer contains PHA.
The activated sludge process is a biological process that uses bacteria and other microorganisms to remove the organic matter from wastewater. The sludge is then recycled into the influent. The recirculated bacteria continue the oxidation process to produce low BOD effluent water. The process also includes aeration and sedimentation.
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