There are several different methods of wastewater treatment used in tanneries. These include the Fenton-photo process, an Anaerobic fluidized bed system, and electrochemical treatment. All of these methods can help treat wastewater from tanneries.
Electrochemical treatment
The leather industry uses a large amount of water and chemicals to produce leather. Its global trade value is about $100 billion per year. The process also generates a large volume of solid and liquid waste, which must be treated before being discharged into the environment. According to environmental agencies, leather manufacturing is among the ten most polluting industrial processes.
The DM water treatment process uses deionisation to remove dissolved minerals from the water. The natural water contains a high level of dissolved salts, anions (sulphate), and cations (iron, calcium, sodium, copper, and bromide). These dissolved salts are detrimental to metal oxidation, scaling, and corrosion. DM plants are highly effective in removing these dissolved salts, leaving the water ultra-pure.
The basic concept behind the electrochemical method is to exchange electrons between the anode and cathode of the reactor. The concentration of the contaminant on the electrodes determines the efficiency of removal. The concentration of metal ions is calculated by applying the Faraday law and considering the amount of adsorbent.
Electrochemical technologies have been studied extensively to recover valuable products from wastewater. This includes electrochemical oxidation and reduction, as well as electrodialysis. Electrochemical techniques can also be used to convert wastewater into multiple value-added products. However, a single electrochemical technique is insufficient for various types of waste. Therefore, further research is needed to identify the most efficient processes for industrial effluents.
Anaerobic fluidized bed system
An anaerobic fluidized bed system for tannery wastewater treatment could be used to treat pretreated wastewater in a tannery. The system has the potential to reduce total phenols, TOC, and absorbance. The effluent conductivity was determined over a time course. The toxicity of the wastewater was also reduced.
The wastewater produced in tanneries is a major source of pollution. Typically, it contains high concentrations of chemical oxygen demand (COD) (7800 mg/L), total dissolved solids (TSD), chromium, and chloride. Pilot-scale forward osmosis and nanofiltration closed loop system was developed to combat these pollutants. The draw solution used was 0.8A M NaCl..
The SRP is a critical parameter in the system. It reflects the efficiency of the process. A high SRP is required to slow the growth of methanogens. A high SRP is also needed to safeguard against adverse conditions such as temperature variations, shock loading, and toxic substances.
Recycled reagents
Wastewater from the tannery manufacturing industries contains high levels of TOC, COD, and BOD. These pollutants can cause significant damage to receiving water bodies. To mitigate the harmful impact of wastewater, conventional Physico-chemical methods have been developed. However, these processes have high costs and generate toxic sludge.
In addition, there is an emerging concern about using sustainable wastewater treatment methods. While biological processes are the most popular, they are not completely effective. Some emerging technologies use membranes or advanced oxidation processes. These technologies are still under investigation but have been successful in removing some contaminants from tannery wastewater.
Traditional wastewater treatment methods for tanneries do not always address the issues of high salt content and Cr pollution. For this reason, many tanneries use recycled reagents as the standard. Recycled reagents are environmentally friendly and cost much less than the alternatives.
Fenton-photo process
The Fenton-photo process is the standard method for wastewater treatment in tanneries and tannery-related industries. It is characterized by the removal of solids and oxidation of pollutants. It has the potential to reduce pollution levels and improve biodegradability. The wastewater treated with this method is more biodegradable and toxicity-free than those treated by conventional methods. It is effective at reducing pollution parameters and improving biodegradation. It also meets the effluent discharge criteria in China.
This treatment process is an effective and economical way to treat wastewater from tanneries. It can treat wastewater from different stages separately or jointly. A single water treatment plant can be installed to treat wastewater from multiple stages. This method uses two electrodes in one system: a boron-doped diamond electrode as the anode and active carbon fiber as the cathode
This treatment method is effective in removing organic and toxic compounds. It also increases the degradability of resistant organic compounds. The wastewater treated with this process can also be used as a pretreatment for biological treatment. It is important to remember that the effluent must be disposed of after the Fenton-photo process.
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